Compare Baker Island (2001) - Svalbard (2007)

Compare Baker Island (2001) z Svalbard (2007)

	Baker Island (2001)	Svalbard (2007)

Age structure	-	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Airports	1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m, completely covered with vegetation and unusable (2000 est.)	4 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2007)
Area	total: 1.4 sq km land: 1.4 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 61,020 sq km land: 61,020 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative	about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background	The US took possession of the island in 1857, and its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island - as well as on nearby Howland Island - but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Presently the island is a National Wildlife Refuge run by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast.	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate	-	NA
Budget	-	revenues: $25.07 million expenditures: $NA (2004 est.)
Capital	-	name: Longyearbyen geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 33 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline	4.8 km	3,587 km
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Baker Island	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Death rate	-	NA
Dependency status	unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Disputes - international	none	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient	-	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview	no economic activity	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gave the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 8 m	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues	no natural fresh water resources	NA
Ethnic groups	-	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates	-	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.4117 (2006), 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Per SEFLAND (since 1 October 2005); Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports	-	$197.6 million (2004)
Flag description	the flag of the US is used	the flag of Norway is used
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA%
Geographic coordinates	0 13 N, 176 31 W	78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note	treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; site of future seed repository under construction by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government
Heliports	-	1 (2007)
Imports	-	$NA
Independence	-	none (territory of Norway)
Infant mortality rate	-	total: NA male: NA female: NA
International organization participation	-	none
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1993)	NA
Labor force	-	NA
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100%	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees; the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2005)
Languages	-	Norwegian, Russian
Legal system	the laws of the US, where applicable, apply	the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	-	NA
Location	Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references	Oceania	Arctic Region
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 4 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard	demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920
Natural hazards	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources	guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife	coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate	-	NA
Population	uninhabited note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2001 est.)	2,214 (July 2007 est.)
Population growth rate	-	-0.007% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast	-
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Sex ratio	-	NA (2007 est.)
Telephone system	-	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	NA
Television broadcast stations	-	NA
Terrain	low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate	-	NA
Waterways	none	-

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